Detailed explanation: The attention matrix is crucial in models like the Transformer, where it facilitates the weighting of different elements in a sequence. By assigning higher weights to more relevant elements, the attention matrix helps the model focus on the most pertinent parts of the input, improving performance in tasks like machine translation, summarization, and question answering. The matrix is computed using the dot-product attention mechanism, which calculates the compatibility between queries and keys, generating a set of attention scores. These scores are then normalized to produce the attention weights, which are used to create a weighted sum of values. This selective focus allows models to capture long-range dependencies and relationships within the data more effectively than traditional recurrent neural networks.
Historical overview: The concept of the attention mechanism, and consequently the attention matrix, was introduced in the seminal paper "Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate" by Bahdanau, Cho, and Bengio in 2014. It gained widespread recognition and popularity with the publication of the Transformer model by Vaswani et al. in 2017, which demonstrated the power and efficiency of attention mechanisms in various NLP tasks.
Key contributors: The development of the attention mechanism and the attention matrix is primarily attributed to Dzmitry Bahdanau, Kyunghyun Cho, and Yoshua Bengio for their foundational work in 2014. Subsequent advancements were significantly influenced by Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Lukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin, who introduced the Transformer model in 2017, showcasing the practical implementation and effectiveness of the attention matrix in deep learning.